Learn programming logic to solve a problem

 

I'm going to use the java-script language as a basis for programming, as it can be used in conjunction with other languages.
 

Organization of thoughts

Everything in programming starts with how you organize your thoughts to solve a problem.

Think that to solve a problem you will have to break it down into several small tasks or parts to solve it.

Programming logic is a methodology that organizes thoughts to accomplish a certain goal in order to solve a certain problem.

Understand thoughts as sequences of instructions that must be followed to accomplish a certain task to solve a problem

Understand instructions as a set of rules or norms that indicate to a machine the action to perform or perform through an Algorithm.

 

Algorithm 

The algorithm is a set of instructions that will form a program in order to solve a problem.

An algorithm is composed of constants, variables and data.

 

constants

Constant is a value that changes during program execution.

 

Variables

It is an element that occupies a position in the machine's memory whose contents can be modified during the execution of a program . 

 

Types of Variables

They can be of 6 types:

Numerical: only made up of numbers, used to make accounts. They can have 3 types:

Integers: 
var a=30;

Float: 
var b=10.13232;

Double (number between -(253 -1) e 253 -1):
var c=1.0000000000000004;

They can also be used to perform arithmetic operations:
var soma= a+b;
var soma= a-b*c;
var soma= a+b/c;

 

 

Characters or strings: only set of letters that do not contain numbers

var name="Marcelo";

var surname="Rabaco";

var full_name=name+" "+surname;

 

Alphanumeric: can contain either numbers or letters

var age=30;

var message=full_name +" have "+age+" yeaers";



Result: Marcelo Rabaco have 30 years;

 

Logic or Boolean: will only accept the true or false option

var active=true; ou var active=1;
var active=false; ou var active=0;

 

Array: It is a data structure to store a collection of values, being they of any type

var fruits=['orange','apple','lemon']; or
var fruits[0]=['orange'];
var fruits[1]=['apple'];
var fruits[2]=['lemon'];
Console.log(fruits[1])

Result: apple

          

 

Operators

They are used to compare information. They can be of 3 types::

Arithmetic Operators:

Addition [ + ]

1 + 1 = 2;

Subtraction [ - ]

3 - 2 = 1

Division [ / ]

4 / 2 = 2

Multiplication [ * ]

2 * 2 = 4

Exponentiation [ ** ]

2 ** 3 =  (2 * 2 * 2) = 8 

Module [ % ]

5 % 3 = 2 

 

Relational Operators:

Equal to [ == or ===]

If ( a == b ) 

Different [<> or !=]

If ( a != b ) 

Greater than [ > ]

If ( a > b ) 

Maior ou igual a [ >= ]

If ( a >= b ) 

Menor que [ < ]

If ( a < b ) 

Less than or equal to [ <= ]

If ( a <= b ) 

 

 

Logical Operators

The feedback will always be true or false.

 E [ AND ] -  the expression is true if both conditions are true

If ( a > b )  AND  ( c < b )   

 Ou [ OR ] - the expression is true if one of the conditions is true

If ( a > b )  OR  ( c < b )  

 Não [ ! ] - Reverse a condition true to false or vice versa in an expression

If ( !(a>b ) ) 

 

Let's go to the examples to better understand: